Read the Sentence. After Retiring From the Racetrack, Greyhounds Never Want to Run Again.

ENGLISH Grammar IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

15. By PERFECT (I had washed)

A	Written report this example situation: Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party also, but they didn't see each other. Paul left t he party at 10.thirty and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't there. · He had gone home. Had gone is the past perfect (simple): I/ we/ they/ you had (=I'd etc.) gone seen finished he/ she/ information technology (=he'd etc) The past perfect simple is had+ by participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). Sometimes nosotros talk about something that happened in the by: · Sarah arrived at the party. This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk most things that happened before this fourth dimension, we use the by perfect (had ... ): · When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Some more than examples: · When nosotros got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the apartment. · Karen didn't want to become to the cinema with u.s.a. because she'd already seen the movie. · At first I thought I'd washed the right thing, but I before long realised that I'd fabricated a big error. · The man sitting adjacent to me on the aeroplane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before. or ... He had never flown earlier.
B	Compare the present perfect (have seen etc.) and the past perfect (had seen etc.): Nowadays perfect By perfect · Who is that woman? I'5east seen her before, but I can't recall where. · We aren't hungry. We' ve just had lunch. · The house is muddied. They haven't cleaned it for weeks. · I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her earlier, simply I couldn't remember where. · We weren't hungry. We' d just had lunch. · The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.
C	Compare the past simple (Left, was etc.) and the past perfect (had left, had been etc.): · A: Was Tom at that place when you arrived? B: Yes, but he left soon afterwards. · Kate wasn't at home when I phoned. · She was at her female parent/s house. · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: No, he had already left. · Kate had just got home when I phoned. She had been at her mother'southward business firm.

EXERCISES

15.1	Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. i You went to Sue'due south house, but she wasn't there. (she /become /out) ____ She had gone out ____________________ 2 You lot went dorsum to your dwelling town after many years. It wasn't the same every bit before. (information technology /change /a lot) __________________________________________ 3 I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come. (she /arrange /to do something else) __________________________________________ 4 You went to the cinema last night. You got to the movie theater late. (the film /already /start) __________________________________________ 5 It was nice to run across Daniel again after such a long time. (I /not I come across /him for v years) __________________________________________ 6 I offered Sue something to consume, only she wasn't hungry. (she /just /have /breakfast) __________________________________________
15.2	For each situation, write a judgement catastrophe with never ... earlier. Apply the verb in brackets. one The human sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly) ____ He'd never flown before________________ 2 Somebody sang a song. I didn't know it. (hear) I __________________________________________ before 3 Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He __________________________________________ iv Last year nosotros went to Mexico. It was our first time at that place. (be there) We __________________________________________
15.3	Apply the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the guild in which they happened - then (a) happened before (b), (b) before (c) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined judgement, so sometimes you lot need the past perfect. 1 (a) Somebody broke into the office during the night. (b) We arrived at work in the morn. (c) We chosen the constabulary. Nosotros arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the dark. So __________________________________________ the police. ii (a) Laura went out this morning. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) At that place was no reply. I went to Laura's house this morning and rang her doorbell, but ____________ no answer. _________________ out. 3 (a) Jim came back from vacation a few days ago. (b) I met him the aforementioned day. (c) He looked very well. I met Jim a few days ago ______ only ___________ vacation. ___________ very well. 4 (a) Kevin sent Sally lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a telephone telephone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. Yesterday Kevin ____________ from Sally. __________ very surprised. _______ lots of emails, but _______________.
15.4	Put the verb into the correct grade, past perfect (I had done) or past unproblematic (I did). 1 'Was Paul at the political party when you arrived?' 'No, he ___ had gone_____(go) dwelling.' ii I felt very tired when I got home, so I ____________ (go) straight to bed. 3 The house was very quiet when I got habitation. Everybody _______________ (go) to bed. 4 Sorry I'm tardily. The car ____________ (suspension) downwardly on my way hither. five We were driving along the route when we ________________ (encounter) a machine which ________ (break) down, so nosotros ___________(stop) to help.

Reply Cardinal

xv.1

2 It had changed a lot.

3 She'd arranged to do something else. /She had arranged ...

4 The picture had already started.

v I hadn't seen him for five years.

6 She'd simply had breakfast. /She had just had ...

15.2

two I'd never heard information technology before. /I had never heard ...

3 He'd never played (tennis) before. /He had never played .. .

4 Nosotros'd never been there earlier. /We had never been .. .

15.3

ane we called

2 there was ... She'd gone /She had gone

3 He'd just come back from /He had but come dorsum from ... He looked

4 got a phone call He was He'd sent her /He had sent her ...

she'd never replied to them I

she had never replied to them

xv.iv

2 went

iii had gone

4 bankrupt

v saw ... had broken ... stopped

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